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Index of proof texts

Every text the casebook treats, with the Reformed claim and the one-line answer. Click through for the full file.

If a verse is missing, it is either handled inside another file (noted below) or on the list to be added — see ../_meta/PROGRESS.md. The second edition added John 8:47; John 17; Romans 5; 1 Corinthians 1:26-31; Acts 16:14; Acts 18:10; 2 Timothy 1:9; Revelation 13:8/17:8; a book-of-life collection; and a new-birth/calling collection.

Old Testament

Text Calvinist use Short answer File
Gen 50:20 God ordains all events, including evil. God overrules the brothers' evil for good; the text distinguishes their intention from God's. sovereignty-texts.md
Deut 30:19 — "Choose life" presupposes genuine ability; 30:11-14 says the word is not too hard, and Paul applies it to the gospel (Rom 10:6-8). deuteronomy-30-19.md
Prov 21:1 God turns the king's heart. Political providence over rulers, not the causal determination of every choice. sovereignty-texts.md
Isa 46:10 God declares the end from the beginning. God's redemptive purpose for Israel and the nations is certain; not a decree of every event. sovereignty-texts.md
Isa 55:1 — A free, universal summons; hearing and coming are commanded and possible. isaiah-55-01.md
Ezek 36:26-27 Regeneration precedes faith. New-covenant restoration for Israel; teaches divine initiative, not an individual ordo salutis; 36:37 makes prayer a means. ezekiel-36-26-27.md
Dan 4:35 God does as he wills. The confession of a humbled king about God's rule over nations; not a statement of causal determinism. sovereignty-texts.md
Mal 1:2-3 "Jacob I loved, Esau I hated" = individual election. Quoted 1,500 years later about the nations descended from them (Gen 25:23); covenant preference, not eternal destiny. romans-09-01-24.md

Gospels

Text Calvinist use Short answer File
Matt 11:28 — A universal, sincere invitation; the only condition is coming. matthew-11-28.md
Matt 23:37 — Christ's genuine longing for Jerusalem, frustrated by their unwillingness; the judgment is grounded in "you were not willing." matthew-23-37.md
John 1:12-13 Regeneration is God's act, not human will. v.13 excludes natural descent and privilege, not the act of receiving; the new birth is entered through receiving. john-01-12-13.md
John 3:16 "World" = the elect. Kosmos is the world of humanity in rebellion; the giving grounds a universal offer; "whoever believes" states the condition. john-03-16.md
John 5:40 — "You refuse to come" — the refusal is culpable, and life was genuinely available. john-05-40.md
John 8:47 "Not of God" = reprobate, unable to hear. "Of God" is moral/relational in John; the "cannot" is culpable unwillingness; the chapter ends in invitation. john-08-47.md
John 6:37 The Father gives a definite number, who all come. The "given" are defined by coming/believing (v.40); Judas was "given" and lost (17:12); "I will never cast out" is the point. john-06-37.md
John 6:44 Irresistible drawing of the elect. The operative clause is "no one can come"; the drawing is the Father's teaching (v.45); the same verb draws all in 12:32. john-06-44.md
John 6:45 Effectual teaching. The drawing is teaching; "everyone who has heard and learned" makes learning the condition. john-06-45.md
John 6:65 Coming requires a divine grant. True — but "granted" is the same as "given," and the text does not say some are eternally denied. john-06-65.md
John 10:26-29 Not my sheep = not elect; sheep cannot be lost. The sheep are defined by hearing (v.27); the "other sheep" widen the flock; "snatch" is external force, not self-abandonment. john-10-26-29.md
John 12:32 — The same verb as 6:44 draws "all people"; if drawing is irresistible, universalism follows. john-12-32.md
John 15:16 "I chose you" = eternal election. Apostolic appointment and fruit-bearing (cf. 6:70, Judas was chosen); mission language. john-15-16.md
John 1:9; James 1:18; 1 Pet 1:3-5; 1 Thess 1:4; Rom 11:32; Rev 5:9 New birth and calling prove irresistible grace and definite atonement. These texts locate the means in the word, the scope in "all" and "every nation," and the evidence in the response of faith. new-birth-and-calling-texts.md
John 17:1-26 "I am not praying for the world" = limited atonement. A present-tense petition for the disciples; it widens in v.20 and aims at the world's belief in v.21; intercession is not the extent of the sacrifice. john-17-01-26.md

Acts and Paul

Text Calvinist use Short answer File
Acts 2:23; 4:27-28 God decrees all things, including the cross. The cross is the revealed instance of God's purpose through human evil; the perpetrators remain responsible. sovereignty-texts.md
Acts 13:48 Eternal decree of individual election. No agent and no time are named; v.46 supplies a self-judgment parallel; tassō can mean "dispose." acts-13-48.md
Acts 16:14 Regeneration precedes faith; grace irresistible. "Opened her heart to pay attention"; Lydia was already a God-fearer; "opening" is perceptual enablement. acts-16-14.md
Acts 18:10 "Many people" = the elect, chosen before conversion. Laos is covenant language; the vision is for Paul's protection and mission; the verse names no decree. acts-18-10.md
Rom 5:12-21 The second "all" = the elect; definite atonement. The parallel is Adam/Christ; the gift is received by faith (5:17); "many" is a Semitic inclusive. romans-05-12-21.md
Rom 8:28-30 The golden chain of unconditional election. Proegnō is relational foreknowledge; the chain's goal is conformity to Christ; no reprobation. romans-08-28-30.md
Rom 9:1-24 Unconditional individual election and reprobation. The chapter concerns national Israel and the Gentiles; the quotations are corporate; Romans 11 leaves the hardened room to return. romans-09-01-24.md
Rom 9:16 "Not of him who wills" = no human response. Exodus 33:19 in the golden-calf crisis; mercy versus law-righteousness (9:30-32), not mercy versus believing. romans-09-16.md
Rom 9:17-18 Pharaoh = reprobation. Judicial hardening after self-hardening; "raised up" = preserved/displayed; the vessels of wrath have no stated agent. romans-09-17-18.md
Rom 11:7-10 The elect obtained it, the rest hardened. National Israel; the hardening is temporary and reversible (11:11, 23). romans-11-07-10.md
1 Cor 1:26-31 God chose the foolish = unconditional individual election. The point is the kind of people God calls; "not many" leaves exceptions; the context is boasting and status. 1-corinthians-01-26-31.md
1 Cor 2:14 The natural person cannot understand. About the wisdom of the cross as folly to the unspiritual; Paul still persuades (2 Cor 5:11). 1-corinthians-02-14.md
2 Cor 5:14-15 "All" = the elect. The same "all" in both clauses; v.19 "world"; v.20 universal appeal. 2-corinthians-05-14-15.md
Eph 1:3-14 Individual unconditional election. "In Christ" is the controlling phrase; the purpose is holiness; the audience is the faithful in Christ. ephesians-01-03-14.md
Eph 2:1-10 Regeneration precedes faith. Teaches divine initiative and salvation by grace through faith; "dead" is alienation; "through faith" is instrumental. ephesians-02-01-10.md
Phil 1:29 Faith is an irresistible gift. Charizomai = freely grant; the same verb governs suffering; the verse does not say faith is infused. philippians-01-29.md
2 Thess 2:13 Election from the beginning. The means are stated (sanctification and belief in the truth); "from the beginning," not "before the foundation." 2-thessalonians-02-13.md
1 Tim 2:4 "All" = all kinds. The "all kinds" reading reverses vv.1-2; the same "all" governs prayer for individuals and the ransom of v.6. 1-timothy-02-04.md
2 Tim 1:9 Grace given to the elect before time. The grace is "in Christ"; the contrast is works vs. grace; the calling is the gospel call, "through the gospel." 2-timothy-01-09.md
Titus 3:5 Regeneration precedes faith. Works versus mercy, not faith versus regeneration; no ordo stated; 3:7 justification by grace. titus-03-05.md
Heb 2:9 "Everyone" = every son. Unrestricted "everyone"; grounded in the incarnation and the defeat of death. hebrews-02-09.md
2 Pet 3:9 "Any" = any of the elect. "Any" and "all" are parallel and unqualified; the delay is for repentance; 2:1 says apostates were "bought." 2-peter-03-09.md
1 Pet 1:1-2 Elect according to an unconditional decree. Election is "according to foreknowledge," Trinitarian and purposive. 1-peter-01-01-02.md
1 John 2:2 "Whole world" = the elect from all nations. Contrast is "our sins" versus "the whole world"; 5:19 uses the same phrase of the unbelieving world. 1-john-02-2.md

Revelation

Text Calvinist use Short answer File
Rev 13:8; 17:8 Names written before creation = eternal election. The phrase may modify "written" or "slain"; the book is the Lamb's; Revelation itself speaks of blotting out. revelation-13-08-and-17-08.md
Rev 22:17 — The canon's final universal invitation; the only condition is desire. revelation-22-17.md

Texts handled inside other files

See also